United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

Source: UNECE Statistical Database, compiled from national official sources. Definition:Educational attainment is defined as the highest level successfully completed by the person, in the educational system of the country where the education was received. The levels of education are defined according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED): - Primary: ISCED level 1 - Lower secondary: ISCED level 2 - Upper and post secondary non-tertiary: ISCED levels 3-4 - Tertiary: ISCED 1997 levels 5-6 or ISCED 2011 levels 5-8. In this table the upper secondary level includes post-secondary non-tertiary education. For most countries the transition from ISCED 1997 to ISCED 2011 is from the scool year 2013-2014. For more details see Country Footnotes. .. - data not available Country: Armenia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment. Country: Armenia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Armenia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Austria Break in methodology (2004): In 2014 a new weighting procedure for the LFS was introduced. Following this change in the weighting procedure, data was revised back to 2004. Country: Austria ISCED-11 (2014 onwards): Break in series due to the reclassification of a programme spanning levels: the qualification acquired upon successful completion of higher technical and vocational colleges is allocated in ISCED 2011 to ISCED level 5; under ISCED 1997 the same qualification was reported on ISCED level 4, but earmarked as equivalent to tertiary education Country: Austria Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data before 2000 do not comply with ISCED97 as regards distinction between upper secondary and tertiary. ISCED97 5B mainly included in Upper Secondary. Country: Austria Change in definition (2004 - 2015): Data include ISCED Level 3c short in lower secondary level. Country: Azerbaijan Reference period (1980 - 2013): Data refer to end of year. Country: Belarus Additional information (1990 - 2013): Total includes population without education. Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (1990): Data refer to 1989 census Country: Belarus Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 census Country: Belgium 2010: break in series: change in methodology. Measurement: Persons , Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina Population by educational attainment, educational level not stated refers to the population with no primary schooling and some primary. Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (1980): Data are from 1985 census Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (1990): Data are from 1992 census Country: Bulgaria Break in methodlogy (2001): Data are from 2001 census Country: Bulgaria Reference period (1995 - 2002): Data refer to June of respective year Country: Canada Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data cover non-institutionalized population in the 10 provinces, i.e. excluding the three Territories. Country: Croatia Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data refer to population with permanent residence irrespective of actual residence and duration. "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all. Country: Croatia Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Education level-not stated" comprises persons with unknown education level as well as persons with no school at all. Country: Croatia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1981 Country: Croatia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Cyprus Change in definition (1990): Lower secondary level is included in upper secondary level Country: Cyprus Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Cyprus Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1992 Country: Cyprus Data cover only government controlled area Country: Cyprus From 2014, data compiled using ISCED 2011 classification. Country: Cyprus From 2000, persons who have not attended or finished primary education also included in primary education level. Country: Estonia Change in definition (1980 - 2000): Data are from censuses and refer to population aged 25+ Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2001 - 2013): Age group 25+ refers to 25-74, age group 50+ refers to 50-74. Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Change in definition (2012): Data is from census 2011. Data refer to 31.december 2011 Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education. Country: Estonia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Estonia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Finland Data for lower secondary level include primary level. Country: Georgia Change in definition (1980 - 2013): Level of education ?not stated? includes population without education attainment Country: Georgia Reference period (1980): Data refer to 1979 Country: Georgia Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Country: Germany Data from 1990 to 1998 are classified according to ISCED-76, data from 1999 to 2013 according to ISCED 97, data from 2014 on are classified according to ISCED 2011. Country: Greece Break in methodology (2000): From 2000, data refer to population residing in private households Country: Greece Change in definition (2001 - 2013): "Primary" includes also persons that did not completed ISCED 1 programs Country: Greece Data refer to annual averages. From 2014, estimates use ISCED-2011 classification. Country: Hungary Break in methodlogy (1995): Before 1995, data are from population censuses. From 2000, from Country: Hungary Change in definition (2000 - 2008): Data refer to population aged 25-74. Country: Iceland Break in methodology (2003): Change in data collection procedure. Data classified according to ISCED 2011. Country: Iceland Reference period (1990): 1990 refers to 1991 Country: Ireland From 2000, data refer to age group 25-64. From 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011. As a result data breakdown by education level not fully comparable with previous years. Country: Ireland Reference period (1980): Data refer to1981 Country: Ireland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Ireland Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2001): Changes in the weighting method. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2009): Transition to the 2008 Population Census estimates. Country: Israel Break in methodlogy (2012): Transitiom from a quarterly to a monthly LFS. Country: Israel From 2012, using ISCED-2011. Totals include population by educational attainment, pre-primary. Country: Italy Break in methodology (2004): Change in data collection procedure. From 2014, data classified by ISCED 2011. Country: Italy Change in definition (1980 - 1990): Data for primary level attainment include persons who have not completed the primary level education Country: Kyrgyzstan Break in methodlogy (2000): Data refer to 1999 Census Country: Kyrgyzstan Break in methodlogy (2009): Data refer to 2009 Census Country: Kyrgyzstan Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1989 Census Country: Latvia Change in definition (1995 - 2001): Population aged 15+. Data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. Country: Latvia Change in definition (2002 onward): Population 15-74 age group. For 2002-2013, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 1997 classification. From 2014, data for primary level refers to level 0 and 1 of ISCED 2011 classification. Country: Latvia Reference period (1995): Data refer to 1996 Country: Luxembourg Additional information (1990 - onwards): Data for age group 25+ refer to 25-74. Country: Luxembourg Break in methodlogy (2003): Switch from a face-to-face to a telephone survey Country: Luxembourg Break in methodlogy (2009): Random Digit Dialing has replaced the register-based sampling Country: Luxembourg Change in definition (1990 - 2012): The categroy `Lower secodnary` also includes persons who have at most attained the primary level Country: Luxembourg Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1992 Country: Malta Some data not shown due to lack of reliability. Country: Moldova, Republic of Territorial change (2000 onward): Data exclude the territory of the Transnistria and municipality of Bender Country: Netherlands Since 2003, ''Primary'' includes also ISCED level 0 (persons who have not successfully completed ISCED 1 programs). Country: Norway Break in methodology (2007): As of 2007, the results of a survey on education completed abroad before immigration to Norway is included. As a result , the proportion of & 39;educational level not stated& 39; was reduced. All data compiled according ISCED 2011. Country: Poland Change in definition (1990 - 2002): Upper secondary level includes lower secondary level. Country: Poland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1988 Country: Portugal Data from 2011 onwards are not directly comparable with data for the previous years due to new data collection methods used in the Portuguese Labour Force Survey series. Data from 2014 onward are compiled according to ISCED-2011. Data for ''educational level not stated'' refer to individuals who have not successfully completed ISCED level 1. Country: Romania Break in methodology (2002): Data series of 2002-2012 are not perfectly comparable with data series of previous years. For years 2014 onward data were estimated using the resident population. For year 2013 data were estimated based on revised population figures (resident population) in accordance to the 2011 Census results. Starting with year 2014 educational attainment collected according to ISCED 2011. Educational level not stated includes persons without any formal education graduated. Country: Serbia Data for education level not stated include population without education attainment. Country: Slovakia Change in definition (1995): data for total of education levels include only secondary and tertiary levels. Country: Slovakia Change in definition (2001 - 2011): data on primary education according to ISCED 97, level 1 is not available Country: Slovenia From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 and persons with ISCED level 0 are excluded. Country: Spain Data are annual averages of the four quarters of the year. From 2014 data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 Country: Sweden Break in methodlogy (2002): Quality improvement and change in classification from ISCED 1976 to ISCED 1997. Country: Sweden Change in definition (1990 - 2013): Data refer to population aged 25-74 Country: Switzerland Break in methodlogy (2010): Major changes in data collection procedures (quaterly data instead of annual data). Country: Switzerland Change in definition (1990 - 2001): Lower sedondary education includes primary education Country: Switzerland Change in definition (2002): Change in definition of educational attainment levels Country: Switzerland Reference period (1990): Data refer to 1991 Country: Switzerland Since 2014, data are compiled according to ISCED-2011 Country: United States Change in definition (1980): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate& 39;s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who didn& 39;t complete any schooling through 4th grade. Data based on completed schooling years. Country: United States Change in definition (1990 - 2015): Primary refers to grades 5-8, Lower Secondary refers to grade 9 in High School, no diploma, Upper Secondary refers to High School, college graduate, Tertiary refers to people who have completed Associate`s degree through Doctorate degree, Not stated refers to people who did not complete any schooling through 4th grade. Data based on degrees.