Knoema.com - CO2 http://pt.knoema.com 2023-01-16T14:10:39Z /favicon.png Knoema é o seu caminho pessoal do conhecimento The Rise of Voluntary Carbon Markets //pt.knoema.com/wzcehgg/the-rise-of-voluntary-carbon-markets 2023-01-16T14:10:39Z Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
The Rise of Voluntary Carbon Markets

(January 2023) According to the Ecosystem Marketplace report the global voluntary carbon market was valued at US$2 billion in 2021 which is a 281% increase compared to 2020. The voluntary carbon market traded volume has reached 493 MtCO2e in 2021 compared to 203 MtCO2e in 2020. The voluntary carbon market (VCM) enables carbon emitters to compensate for their unabated emissions by purchasing carbon credits produced by projects targeted at removing or reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the atmosphere. Despite a myriad of concerns around the existing practice of using carbon offsets as part of corporates' environmental strategies, corporate pledges have resulted in explosive growth in demand for voluntary carbon credits. The Institute of International Finance and McKinsey estimate that the market for carbon credits could be worth upward of $50 billion in 2030.

Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202 //pt.knoema.com/znzxshe/china-s-co2-emissions-fell-by-a-record-8-in-q2-202 2022-09-02T10:50:24Z Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
China’s CO2 Emissions Fell by a Record 8% in Q2 202

Data from Carbon Brief shows China’s emissions have now fallen year-on-year for four consecutive quarters. According to Carbon Brief China’s CO2 emissions fell 8% in April to June, compared with the year before. In absolute terms, this is the largest quarterly reduction in at least a decade, amounting to some 230MtCO2, as shown in the chart below. The latest quarterly decline was driven by China’s ongoing real-estate slump, strict Covid control measures, weak growth in electricity demand and strong growth in renewable output.

Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
The True Carbon Emission Country Ranking //pt.knoema.com/rziokkb/the-true-carbon-emission-country-ranking 2022-01-18T19:46:25Z Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
The True Carbon Emission Country Ranking

(02 December 2021) As governments and businesses aim to reduce carbon footprint to meet climate targets, measuring carbon emissions at global, country, and corporate levels has become extremely important. A key tool designed to reduce carbon footprint is carbon pricing/taxation, in which a government sets a price (or a carbon tax) that emitters must pay for each ton of greenhouse gas emissions they emit. Existing carbon pricing schemes tax only current carbon flows, but what about carbon emissions of the past? Who should pay for these?  Using Global Carbon Atlas data on fossil fuel CO2 emissions for more than 200 countries over the last sixty years, we have created a "true" ranking of carbon emissions by country that ranks countries by accumulated, rather than annual, emissions. Here are the key findings:Countries that were already significantly industrialized in the second half of the 20th century rank higher in accumulated carbon emission than they do in annual carbon emission rankings.China, which is the largest carbon emitter on an annual basis, with 32% of global CO2 emissions in 2020, accumulated 23% less CO2 emissions from 1960 to 2020 than the U.S.On an accumulated basis, the world's largest CO2 emitter is the U.S., which is responsible for 22% of global CO2 emissions in the sixty-year period from 1960 to 2020. China's share in global accumulated carbon emissions, 17%, is just over half its share in global annual emissions. Looking at emissions this way might provide a more realistic framework for carbon tax rate calculations. For example, let's assume a scenario in which all countries use the same method of calculation to determine their carbon tax rates. If accumulated emissions are used as the basis for this rate calculation, countries with high current emissions but low historic emissions will have a lower tax burden than they would if current annual emissions were used as the basis for the tax rate. This means, for example, that the value of carbon tax paid by businesses (and, indirectly, consumers) in China would be almost 50% lower with an accumulated emissions calculation than it would be if carbon tax were calculated on an annual emissions basis.

Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
Which Countries Have the Most Ambitious 2030 Emissions-Reduction Targets? //pt.knoema.com/mynafrd/which-countries-have-the-most-ambitious-2030-emissions-reduction-targets 2021-11-08T11:19:10Z Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Which Countries Have the Most Ambitious 2030 Emissions-Reduction Targets?

Climate change is recognized as a significant issue for people's lives and economic well-being worldwide. Since greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are associated with climate change, many countries have been making efforts to regulate and limit them. Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, countries pledged to advance climate change mitigation by committing to national GHG reduction targets. In 2015, the countries submitted their first national strategies, known as Nationally Determined Contributions or NDCs, for reducing their share of greenhouse gases by 2030. The data visualizations below explore GHG emission reductions from 1990 to the present, as well as potential future reductions based on countries' current NDCs.Since 1990, the most significant reductions in GHG emissions have been achieved by the United Kingdom (40.9% decline), Russia (30.9%), and the EU-27 (22.1%). Emissions cuts in the UK and European Union (27) were driven by decarbonization of the energy sector, improving energy efficiency, and structural changes in the economy that shifted energy-intensive industries to the developing world and increased of service-based sectors in GDP. In Russia, GHG emissions declined due to the deep economic crisis of the 1990s that induced industries to close down or substantially reduce output. By the early 2000s, emissions had dropped more than 40% from 1990 levels.Comparing current emissions with 2005 levels, the standout leaders are the UK and Brazil, which have succeeded in decreasing emissions by 30%. The European Union (27) has reduced its emissions by 16% since 2005, while Russia's emissions, in contrast, have grown by 23%.According to the most recently submitted NDCs, the most ambitious goals in emissions reduction by 2030 belong to the UK, the EU-27, and Australia, followed by Brazil and the United States. The Russian NDC reflects a goal to stabilization of emissions on the 70% of 1990 level, or an increase of 12% compared to the 2015 level. Indonesia, according to its latest NDC of 2016, expects a decrease in emissions at 1.6% below 2015 levels (or an increase of almost 64% over 2005). In the best-case scenario, including international support, Indonesia expects to reduce emissions up to 18% below 2015 levels (a 36% rise over 2005).   This dashboard contains data on 10 major economies, 7 of which top the list of the largest GHG emitters on the planet. The proposed actions of these countries will largely determine the extent of future GHG emissions reductions and whether they meet the aims of the Paris Agreement.

Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Carbon Majors' GHG Footprint Revealed //pt.knoema.com/espfiuf/carbon-majors-ghg-footprint-revealed 2021-07-13T08:36:36Z Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
Carbon Majors' GHG Footprint Revealed

(10 June 2021) While 30% of the world's largest corporations have already made a commitment to reducing carbon emissions, there are other companies whose economic activity is inextricably linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and for whom reducing their carbon footprint is barely feasible — the so-called "carbon majors." In its 2020 Carbon Majors report, the Climate Accountability Institute estimates that between 1965 and 2018, 493 billion tons of greenhouse gases (in CO2 equivalent), or 35% of global GHG emissions from fossil fuels and cement production, were emitted from the combustion of coal, oil, and gas produced by twenty major fossil fuel companies.4.3% of global CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combustion and cement production between 1965 and 2018 can be attributed to Saudi Aramco, one of the largest public companies in the world.The list of top twenty carbon majors also includes four US companies, which taken together are responsible for more than 8% of global CO2 emissions from 1965 through 2018. Note: List of fossil fuel majors doesn't necessary corresponds to the list of carbon majors. List of fossil fuel majors is usually comprised of largest fossil fuels producers ranked by market value, annual revenue or amount of produced fossil fuels. List of carbon majors includes companies ranked by the amount of greenhouse gasses emitted in the process of production and from the combustion of produced fossil fuels.

Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
Greenhouse Gases | Country Profiles //pt.knoema.com/zheyswf/greenhouse-gases-country-profiles 2019-11-22T20:52:07Z Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Greenhouse Gases | Country Profiles

It is generally accepted that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere venting from anthropogenic sources are in part responsible for global warming, one driver of global climate change. While the reality of global warming itself is still under political and scientific debate, measurements indicate that the average temperature on Earth has increased by 0.7 degrees Celsius since the start of the Industrial Revolution. To estimate the influence of and prevent dangerous interference from anthropogenic sources in the global climate system, reliable estimates of emissions and removal of GHGs from the atmosphere are required, a critical objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The charts and graphs below demonstrate existing data to this aim, reflecting information about the contribution of countries worldwide to GHG emissions and emissions by source.      Sources: Greenhouse gas database, 2013 | Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data, May 2013 Note: LULUCF is land use, land-use change and forestry sector.  

Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Global Energy at a Glance //pt.knoema.com/ufrrsrg/global-energy-at-a-glance 2019-04-08T20:31:26Z Balaji S pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000220
Global Energy at a Glance

One of the most important trends of the global energy market in 2016 was significant growth of renewables consumption by almost 15 percent. The largest increase was shown by solar energy. For example, solar cumulative installed PV power was increased by 33 percent during 2016. China is the top country by solar energy consumption in the world. As of 2016, solar energy consumption in China was 66.2 terawatt-hours. The top 5 countries also includes the United States, Japan, Germany, and Italy.   The trends across key energy sectors are as follows:In the oil sector, Russia overtook the United States by the oil production but Saudi Arabia increased its oil production by 3 percent and solidified its position.Coal production decreased by 6.3 percent. This is the largest reduction for minimum 35 years.Consumption of natural gas set a new record reached 3,542.88 billion cubic meters.

Balaji S pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000220
Temperature Anomalies - Northern and Southern Hemispheres //pt.knoema.com/qfennie/temperature-anomalies-northern-and-southern-hemispheres 2018-10-23T22:14:23Z Balaji S pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000220
Temperature Anomalies - Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Balaji S pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000220
20th Climate & Clean Air Coalition Working Group and Science-Policy Dialogue //pt.knoema.com/xgndfye/20th-climate-clean-air-coalition-working-group-and-science-policy-dialogue 2017-04-17T08:58:56Z Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
20th Climate & Clean Air Coalition Working Group and Science-Policy Dialogue

The Science-Policy Dialogue will focus on metrics for black carbon and other pollutants, black carbon inventories, and how to include short-lived climate pollutants in the NDCs. The 20th CCAC Working Group meeting will provide the opportunity to discuss, among other items:Preparation of new actions and commitments for the Coalition’s next High-Level Assembly in late 2017An in-depth look at Coalition initiatives ready for scaling upA follow up on commitments made in the Marrakech CommuniqueConsideration of new funding proposals Date of Event: 25-27 April 2017 Organizers: Ministry of Environment of Chile, Climate & Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) Venue: Crowne Plaza Hotel Santiago, Chile

Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
Law, Justice and Development Week 2016: Law, Climate Change and Development //pt.knoema.com/ysljkdb/law-justice-and-development-week-2016-law-climate-change-and-development 2016-08-10T18:47:18Z Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
Law, Justice and Development Week 2016: Law, Climate Change and Development

On Earth Day this year, more than 175 countries signed the Paris Agreement, setting an all-time record for the number of countries signing international agreement on a single day. The Paris Agreement sets out a global action plan to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to below 2°C. Now, the world’s attention is shifting from negotiation to implementation. Implementing the Paris Agreement will require new laws, new regulations, and unprecedented levels of international legal cooperation. In November, the UN Framework Conference on Climate Change will meet again, this time in Marrakech, to flesh out the decisions taken in Paris. And in December, LJD Week 2016 will bring the world’s development lawyers together to begin realizing the commitments of the Paris Agreement. This conference will be a key milestone in developing the legal and regulatory framework to accelerate our global transition to low carbon economies. LJD Week 2016 will mark an historic opportunity to focus on the processes that will be needed to capture the Paris commitments in laws which set national targets and make them binding and enforceable; laws that permit countries to achieve greater energy efficiency; and laws that require far reaching changes in national energy systems, and in agricultural and manufacturing practices. Event Holder: World Bank Source of data: World Bank Climate Change

Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
Climate Change //pt.knoema.com/tadcxbb/climate-change 2016-08-10T18:47:17Z Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Climate Change

Alex Kulikov pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1847910
Emissions of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases Contributing to Global Warming //pt.knoema.com/hvnqvmc/emissions-of-co2-and-other-greenhouse-gases-contributing-to-global-warming 2016-08-01T14:28:06Z Apelila Hokoana pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1163070
Emissions of CO2 and other Greenhouse Gases Contributing to Global Warming

Apelila Hokoana pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1163070
Second Environmental Protection and Sustainability Forum //pt.knoema.com/elgdsx/second-environmental-protection-and-sustainability-forum 2016-03-09T09:18:47Z Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
Second Environmental Protection and Sustainability Forum

The Department of Economics and the Institute for Policy Research at the University of Bath are hosting this international forum to discuss state-of-the-art academic research on international environmental agreements informed by the insights of policymakers and practitioners in the field. The forum will include academic presentations (ten academic keynote presentations and 40 academic contributed papers) and engagement with stakeholders through roundtable discussions and public lectures. The forum seeks to connect researchers with those who design and implement policy, as well as those who are affected by the policies. The first Forum was hosted by the University of Exeter in 2011. The following topics, inter alia, are expected to be addressed: impact of the negotiation process on implementation of environmental agreements; the role of institutions in shaping and monitoring agreements; the role of research and development, adaptation and geoengineering in the success of climate change mitigation strategies; the impact of policy instruments at the international and domestic level on the success of agreements; the role of international and domestic law in designing international environmental agreements; ecological, technological and societal thresholds and tipping points; the roles of uncertainty, risk and learning; and the economic impacts of agreements. Event Holder: International Institute for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Policy and Practice)

Alina Buzanakova pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1293450
GHG emissions by country //pt.knoema.com/aocqntg/ghg-emissions-by-country 2014-09-01T12:29:22Z Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560
GHG emissions by country

Misha Gusev pt.knoema.com://pt.knoema.com/user/1000560