The Commonwealth Temas Pesquisa e desenvolvimento Despesas em pesquisa e desenvolvimento

Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Despesas em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, % do PIB (%)

200020052010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Austrália1,62,42,22,21,91,91,8
Malásia0,51,01,01,11,31,31,41,01,0
Canadá1,92,01,81,81,81,71,71,71,71,71,71,81,91,71,6
Índia0,80,80,80,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,6
Nova Zelândia1,11,21,21,21,31,41,5
Cingapura1,82,11,92,11,91,92,12,22,11,91,81,92,2
Chipre0,20,40,40,50,40,50,50,50,50,50,60,70,80,8
Reino Unido1,61,51,61,61,61,62,32,32,32,32,72,72,92,9
Paquistão0,10,40,30,30,20,20,20,2
Sri Lanka0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Maurício0,30,40,20,40,30,40,40,40,3
África do Sul0,80,70,70,70,70,70,70,70,80,70,60,6
Zâmbia0,0
Brunei0,3
Malta0,50,60,70,80,70,70,70,60,60,60,60,70,7
Lesoto0,00,1
Moçambique0,40,3
Seicheles0,30,2
Uganda0,20,40,1
Botsuana0,50,30,6
Gana0,4
Quênia0,70,4
Nigéria0,3
República Unida da Tanzânia0,40,5
Gâmbia0,10,1
Namíbia0,10,3
Trinidad e Tobago0,10,10,00,00,00,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,1
Papua Nova Guiné0,0
Ruanda0,60,8
Eswatini0,3