Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
| 1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cingapura | 5.431.209.359 | 6.878.063.978 | 12.286.487.052 | 42.353.145.435 | 17.242.392.460 | 26.222.734.735 | 18.097.184.800 | 6.823.824.595 | 1.052.610.021 | -1.758.543.366 | 27.443.404.087 | 12.556.027.171 | -8.352.055.470 | 74.830.907.977 | 66.255.512.007 | -113.779.846.984 | 61.024.794.601 | 29.682.447.026 | |
| Índia | -1.941.058.213 | 6.067.105.135 | 14.554.031.146 | 14.126.806.482 | -4.138.567.886 | -4.022.754.845 | 10.928.453.544 | 37.583.731.239 | 44.065.483.120 | 15.739.272.990 | 37.070.503.126 | -3.778.497.771 | 55.767.715.348 | 103.853.279.988 | 67.063.830.653 | -30.610.446.869 | 38.216.555.009 | 16.389.914.107 | |
| Nova Zelândia | 322.872.031 | 2.417.468.782 | 847.357.521 | 413.914.913 | 515.428.947 | -841.723.396 | -138.339.169 | -521.194.809 | 3.102.114.976 | 1.870.124.217 | -2.139.649.712 | -330.334.874 | -4.593.473.933 | 3.119.388.484 | -815.366.855 | 1.142.441.023 | 8.663.628.733 | ||
| Nigéria | 1.041.075.804 | 3.089.271.863 | 11.335.787.996 | -9.692.912.667 | 305.848.565 | 11.097.745.203 | -980.099.587 | -8.452.487.761 | -5.853.533.823 | -980.917.731 | 12.241.890.189 | 3.286.180.061 | -4.490.238.393 | -5.047.487.523 | 3.608.654.133 | -3.381.557.620 | -2.754.917.394 | 8.335.870.672 | |
| Canadá | 1.654.456.688 | 1.138.865.729 | 3.719.099.442 | 1.337.816.725 | 3.814.579.540 | 7.916.718.686 | 1.729.255.583 | 4.750.792.694 | 5.274.307.912 | 8.480.409.613 | 5.603.378.005 | 856.690.100 | -1.602.695.367 | 147.896.035 | 1.281.870.376 | 20.508.838.694 | 11.068.932.245 | 7.669.654.548 | 5.498.278.304 |
| Malásia | 1.951.248.431 | -1.008.791.429 | 3.619.608.537 | -36.914.995 | 31.156.177.598 | 3.846.380.316 | -1.371.611.071 | -13.193.888.119 | -14.518.135.865 | 1.452.012.801 | 3.932.049.990 | -1.770.044.457 | -1.663.456.363 | -4.619.186.697 | 11.133.704.250 | 12.009.464.753 | -4.907.743.751 | 3.846.081.179 | |
| Austrália | 1.740.259.727 | -1.364.727.993 | 7.254.250.530 | 429.957.792 | 4.546.171.498 | 2.535.523.860 | 5.507.376.950 | 3.644.006.483 | -2.345.772.740 | 7.854.443.321 | 8.735.418.216 | -11.082.782.427 | 3.025.659.846 | -16.749.745.109 | 17.438.266.388 | 2.703.769.713 | 1.276.519.282 | 3.399.165.117 | |
| Paquistão | -314.305.428 | -2.627.141.283 | 259.563.469 | 693.787.298 | -275.838.926 | -2.017.052.006 | -2.555.942.682 | 7.099.192.891 | 3.851.870.782 | 1.415.880.322 | -4.032.857.648 | -6.303.251.640 | 3.432.637.063 | 839.413.129 | 4.555.689.061 | -13.210.093.253 | 3.413.507.129 | 2.470.076.338 | |
| África do Sul | -464.029.840 | 10.669.320 | 479.564.168 | 5.765.837.011 | 3.795.989.103 | 4.708.764.729 | 1.197.810.183 | 499.083.154 | 1.359.887.142 | -1.139.187.034 | 2.900.277.509 | 1.905.127.151 | 801.436.808 | 1.612.606.179 | -7.653.191.594 | 4.614.378.026 | 4.251.007.320 | -213.704.732 | 2.125.231.291 |
| Namíbia | 36.794.818 | -211.825.769 | -401.191.954 | -522.131.526 | 324.983.600 | 2.506.034 | 63.020.746 | -152.815.317 | 699.058.103 | 142.360.011 | 375.365.161 | 58.602.053 | -215.860.529 | 29.667.182 | 428.790.175 | 24.390.364 | 235.595.386 | 628.816.930 | |
| Jamaica | 129.514.452 | 518.378.664 | 229.927.903 | -348.094.801 | -267.782.752 | -823.583.051 | -93.530.607 | 1.097.125.745 | 423.969.337 | 177.016.995 | 498.425.040 | -190.916.478 | 189.880.588 | 35.982.694 | 904.039.070 | -185.690.368 | 332.356.761 | 583.074.341 | |
| Lesoto | 12.965.834 | 17.792.891 | 43.654.432 | -209.371.431 | 65.708.621 | 109.281.442 | 211.574.192 | 124.501.923 | 113.321.103 | -160.285.461 | -195.648.660 | 78.733.256 | 71.622.435 | 77.959.704 | 82.492.767 | -96.798.723 | 16.688.946 | 258.577.560 | |
| Bahamas | 11.734.493 | -61.000.084 | -88.145.444 | 47.751.373 | 25.070.816 | -75.049.830 | -68.626.716 | 51.577.429 | 28.075.590 | 95.123.743 | 507.562.243 | -217.712.911 | 562.595.772 | 364.257.596 | 60.310.704 | 198.961.855 | -34.299.982 | 242.142.468 | |
| Malta | -96.326.320 | -221.860.959 | 219.211.012 | 26.826.672 | -60.991.823 | 163.768.692 | -46.838.914 | 29.984.927 | -98.175.196 | 101.888.337 | 118.136.454 | 252.927.577 | -122.821.794 | -71.742.950 | -36.650.478 | 136.075.952 | -18.036.684 | 211.270.481 | |
| Moçambique | -121.082.564 | 201.062.153 | 243.690.818 | 377.426.571 | 396.067.232 | -107.340.768 | -749.153.717 | -503.325.234 | 1.092.603.524 | -531.460.229 | 395.820.693 | -358.240.007 | -786.253.777 | -715.919.188 | 675.135.662 | 101.694.307 | |||
| Samoa | 11.020.281 | -961.807 | 24.328.651 | -41.766.124 | -35.304 | -19.111.687 | -25.120.050 | 47.953.887 | -17.665.193 | 28.048.826 | 42.237.274 | -15.786.308 | 48.539.380 | 567.350 | 24.134.935 | 87.288.240 | 75.018.846 | ||
| Chipre | 293.783.344 | -8.168.543 | 702.724.451 | -296.372.232 | -10.438.614 | -60.434.890 | -385.971.358 | -224.943.825 | -457.895.512 | -162.897.670 | 303.841.443 | 59.985.561 | -1.618.582 | 817.760.834 | 420.622.426 | 98.626.452 | -4.382.407 | 73.960.732 | |
| São Vicente e Granadinas | 5.436.401 | 12.635.571 | -5.594.210 | 31.228.457 | -28.238.212 | 20.968.671 | 24.071.077 | 16.597.644 | 16.476.026 | 27.563.663 | -14.621.821 | -8.945.778 | 26.231.234 | -2.666.961 | 73.345.971 | 987.495 | -37.987.043 | 33.417.867 | |
| Granada | 2.530.111 | 6.820.241 | -27.481.179 | -15.993.241 | 1.882.141 | -1.898.111 | 31.535.435 | 16.793.466 | 27.525.390 | 9.422.129 | -6.767.518 | 39.666.041 | 5.232.886 | 36.393.094 | 57.901.703 | 28.159.474 | 35.963.428 | 23.179.230 | |
| Ilhas Salomão | -13.666.065 | 12.156.338 | -18.433.880 | 93.508.053 | 129.897.855 | 78.980.895 | 58.723.573 | 700.672 | 53.391.071 | 5.811.837 | 27.512.968 | 71.651.772 | -33.236.391 | 23.537.837 | 79.207.028 | -23.817.469 | 24.633.197 | 16.212.502 | |
| Belize | 15.449.382 | 51.616.689 | -11.474.083 | 4.992.113 | 18.212.033 | 55.457.325 | 117.322.372 | 84.873.141 | -103.672.093 | -59.240.684 | -66.700.187 | -16.921.256 | -17.526.963 | 68.724.696 | 76.755.865 | 61.662.977 | -9.803.499 | 10.559.177 | |
| São Cristóvaõ e Neves | 88.889 | -4.409.899 | -6.806.833 | 33.219.147 | 40.253.361 | -13.660.587 | 33.761.762 | 47.887.587 | -580.482 | 41.287.346 | 44.100.133 | -3.841.350 | -373.566 | 10.381.188 | -35.525.992 | -42.530.299 | -8.082.844 | 8.147.642 | |
| Tonga | 881.839 | -17.256.056 | 161.230.904 | 21.765.133 | 24.659.771 | 8.859.329 | 3.201.159 | -16.996.574 | 21.530.561 | 28.719.746 | 10.502.457 | 8.220.503 | 24.293.867 | 57.788.902 | 71.847.517 | 22.095.602 | 5.348.749 | ||
| Antigua/Barbuda | -592.593 | -6.174.209 | 7.315.986 | -23.069.045 | -172.929 | -11.107.456 | 11.272.192 | 112.539.145 | 77.522.821 | -4.585.535 | 6.918.546 | 23.592.888 | -49.611.458 | -57.328.231 | 102.346.634 | 22.175.783 | -26.736.966 | -1.016.450 | |
| Santa Lúcia | 6.298.543 | 4.073.386 | -15.867.778 | 21.087.969 | -491.881 | 16.492.245 | -39.791.785 | 67.877.830 | 63.834.601 | -8.806.301 | 18.336.495 | -32.640.169 | -22.086.755 | -57.909.734 | 155.538.373 | -40.829.461 | 61.330.780 | -17.374.757 | |
| Dominica | 5.048.203 | -2.197.484 | 3.719.184 | 1.937.391 | 8.011.057 | 13.338.002 | -4.783.369 | 16.130.482 | 18.395.559 | 97.278.474 | -8.492.378 | -19.439.988 | -34.708.718 | -2.806.904 | 17.406.629 | 17.105.380 | -18.579.959 | -24.990.206 | |
| Brunei | -63.397.261 | 75.535.076 | 780.753.468 | 702.673.139 | 178.274.164 | 246.122.419 | -33.783.677 | 170.788.952 | -270.115.436 | -10.363.581 | 760.590.595 | -445.856.268 | 1.087.172.566 | 76.645.613 | -707.410.382 | -107.238.494 | |||
| Gâmbia | 3.393.680 | -41.957.165 | -3.408.230 | 41.049.561 | 36.941.357 | 5.760.353 | -24.960.547 | -138.592.301 | -76.852.167 | -113.404.358 | -33.687.046 | 17.071.223 | -7.535.411 | 246.364.210 | -145.335.784 | -136.174.810 | -228.774.147 | ||
| Trinidad e Tobago | -178.481.450 | 441.115.091 | 1.387.022.058 | 436.171.498 | 803.961.109 | -612.648.692 | 804.361.197 | 1.352.579.311 | -1.540.076.014 | -447.430.343 | -1.122.120.527 | -784.450.120 | -643.517.485 | 4.276.480 | -47.827.192 | 14.272.437 | -586.598.312 | -620.533.634 | |
| Bangladesh | 224.171.398 | -30.740.500 | -416.086.935 | 1.019.718.688 | -1.813.883.048 | 3.543.374.757 | 5.276.779.004 | 4.571.033.813 | 5.416.753.490 | 5.094.740.777 | 628.278.669 | -1.057.683.832 | 635.226.504 | 9.277.494.453 | 3.564.249.822 | -10.789.409.489 | -4.969.436.290 | -1.131.737.533 | |
| Reino Unido | 802.989.688 | 41.700.195 | 5.298.826.797 | 1.732.045.781 | 10.009.563.296 | 10.871.667.010 | 11.626.836.576 | 6.955.697.855 | 10.140.985.624 | 31.315.856.444 | 8.649.136.748 | 7.527.129.246 | 24.335.190.264 | -1.161.808.516 | -4.223.901.271 | 23.363.556.431 | -1.730.129.125 | -4.943.183.619 | -3.851.737.409 |
| Barbados | -13.354.000 | -44.139.621 | 178.016.297 | 22.185.564 | -47.628.975 | -12.680.897 | 28.020.540 | -156.069.083 | -44.391.584 | -65.488.766 | -106.512.454 | -249.486.516 | |||||||
| Papua Nova Guiné | 21.721.444 | 104.489.033 | -561.795.319 | -1.198.187.870 | -1.332.451.496 | -345.617.140 | -2.836.376.659 | -1.032.984.023 | -271.220.325 | 13.787.170 | 108.263.483 | 550.552.542 | 120.957.426 | 76.371.184 | 560.359.010 | 816.508.985 | -142.309.815 | ||
| Guiana | 40.201.771 | 14.343.011 | -195.347.323 | -54.726.373 | -110.761.289 | 49.379.813 | 22.341.344 | -109.884.067 | 2.094.152 | -12.832.920 | -56.216.150 | 56.181.487 | 104.707.960 | 40.708.139 | 121.645.948 | -35.958.829 | |||
| Sri Lanka | 115.730.526 | -360.829.667 | -498.426.935 | -2.781.973.571 | -3.071.847.979 | -22.993.960 | 1.566.130.870 | 2.267.824.783 | 860.693.526 | -349.572.932 | 2.600.330.363 | -1.253.193.110 | 10.594.694 | -1.977.143.702 | -2.460.289.883 | -1.094.083.797 | 1.738.223.456 | ||
| Botsuana | 307.245.028 | 367.411.844 | 2.021.325.403 | -987.625.916 | 114.494.360 | -878.178.092 | -270.527.133 | 641.226.260 | -419.530.390 | -318.365.065 | -450.794.549 | -410.503.522 | -1.119.341.471 | -1.753.103.647 | -261.275.525 | 364.569.540 | 124.465.721 | ||
| Quênia | -92.537.543 | -7.210.340 | 117.199.418 | 141.599.623 | -1.211.691.650 | 1.215.859.744 | 393.727.147 | 1.377.946.798 | -272.558.579 | 100.119.409 | -116.625.211 | 974.415.554 | 1.091.295.895 | -1.425.418.018 | -192.689.053 | -2.109.912.028 | -955.917.482 | ||
| Malaui | 28.660.992 | 91.385.762 | 41.318.388 | 114.217.780 | -107.976.969 | -10.201.086 | 177.147.215 | 180.730.481 | 101.194.571 | -113.942.695 | 145.749.803 | -1.630.022 | 58.376.346 | -426.361.604 | -129.716.332 | -369.738.874 | 72.353.023 | ||
| Maurício | 231.945.124 | 230.591.689 | -164.953.501 | 209.045.862 | 195.125.099 | 191.544.199 | 541.006.404 | 755.847.221 | 567.347.570 | 739.570.472 | 832.284.285 | 496.578.681 | 939.353.627 | -536.694.688 | 1.293.562.181 | -316.954.431 | -674.892.699 | ||
| República Unida da Tanzânia | -125.954.193 | -1.330.409 | -594.712.519 | 348.918.996 | -160.093.770 | 295.125.200 | 522.946.607 | -243.787.723 | -231.191.654 | 338.768.029 | 1.647.183.576 | -772.739.354 | 587.400.879 | -781.248.653 | 1.316.838.877 | -1.137.444.530 | -293.219.502 | ||
| Cameroun | -870.558.826 | -265.736.574 | -396.859.294 | 7.049.321 | -326.152.369 | 118.703.003 | -70.693.306 | 130.472.734 | 738.006.926 | -1.224.950.809 | 407.624.203 | 287.137.473 | 245.211.196 | -544.865.251 | 486.610.331 | 855.198.265 | -594.807.754 | ||
| Gana | 27.605.237 | -144.760.532 | 124.628.046 | 560.644.447 | 450.747.124 | -478.410.869 | -723.282.852 | -114.431.768 | -82.424.063 | 261.111.804 | 996.018.787 | -815.190.671 | 1.251.102.772 | -540.075.190 | 1.466.889.095 | -3.346.337.542 | 1.784.881.013 | ||
| Seicheles | 4.255.151 | 26.219.496 | -29.373.307 | 302.312.103 | 22.419.508 | 21.672.724 | 94.694.213 | 41.191.565 | 70.554.256 | 7.506.145 | 16.064.204 | 9.461.127 | 30.329.245 | -51.517.949 | 81.642.936 | -66.461.001 | 13.177.534 | ||
| Serra Leoa | -20.908.146 | 9.755.229 | -129.538.686 | -319.231.370 | -141.868.057 | -134.282.181 | -69.041.777 | -963.439.861 | -637.325.254 | -73.679.085 | -46.772.544 | -14.188.407 | 27.867.466 | 28.403.198 | 161.579.495 | -195.818.598 | -250.068.495 | ||
| Eswatini | 11.059.863 | 46.254.883 | 1.103.001 | -230.861.246 | -220.134.374 | 151.799.506 | 195.387.652 | -23.710.633 | -23.723.324 | -25.300.713 | -55.094.475 | -59.924.580 | -13.316.860 | -18.051.492 | 14.566.536 | -54.246.751 | 44.677.171 | ||
| Kiribati | -6.746.886 | 9.504.284 | 1.971.296 | -16.860.173 | 12.564.347 | 9.399.546 | 107.897.488 | 47.059.508 | 48.174.068 | 25.149.927 | 26.920.120 | 65.581.218 | 47.093.488 | 27.717.172 | 41.431.963 | ||||
| Vanuato | 4.687.593 | -18.766.508 | -11.332.100 | 6.045.554 | 12.634.535 | 5.412.328 | 10.043.031 | 12.282.488 | 75.458.611 | 33.418.271 | 81.591.962 | 48.577.377 | 102.730.344 | 73.469.801 | 86.537.086 | 11.714.869 | |||
| Uganda | -41.918.557 | -464.318.171 | 160.864.146 | -42.009.359 | -81.567.584 | 534.065.973 | 229.683.562 | 80.894.662 | -387.142.140 | 318.503.019 | 484.706.330 | -288.564.040 | -18.070.135 | 226.645.365 | 476.748.442 | -817.070.932 | -293.830.114 | ||
| Zâmbia | 221.811.827 | -19.328.428 | -2.086.155.653 | -66.407.163 | 106.201.359 | 165.783.528 | -262.591.248 | 300.965.773 | -446.191.473 | -249.818.523 | 10.546.900 | -388.854.808 | -99.322.846 | -442.335.846 | 1.484.742.262 | -1.412.492.727 | -2.047.823.005 | ||
| Tuvalu | -1.269.642 | -3.824.024 | -1.716.667 | 1.950.347 | 12.637.821 | 10.225.007 | 7.480.965 | 10.463.404 | 2.363.185 | 5.915.562 | 1.210.970 | 6.817.945 | 21.104.652 | -8.391.494 | |||||
| Ruanda | 72.094.715 | 234.581.693 | -212.430.889 | 228.498.773 | -90.424.191 | -28.534.864 | -22.265.249 | 85.057.901 | 70.740.163 | 112.259.762 | 136.118.769 | 197.232.375 | -97.003.258 | -87.653.392 | |||||
| Nauru | 1.306.748 | -1.336.679 | 4.860.273 | -882.753 | 8.993.933 | 1.460.482 | 2.176.942 | -7.399.541 | 14.540.364 | 11.456.548 | 16.310.701 | -16.247.911 | 42.416.140 | -6.197.817 |