Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
| 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| República Democrática do Congo | 0,1 | 0,4 | |||||
| Togo | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | ||||
| Burundi | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,2 | ||||
| Papua Nova Guiné | 0,0 | ||||||
| Chade | 0,3 | ||||||
| Costa do Marfim | 0,1 |