Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator.
Taxa de Juros reais (%)
| 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Itália | 5,45 | 5,18 | 3,16 | 3,41 | 2,82 | 3,46 | 3,97 | 3,93 | 3,32 | 2,22 | 2,27 | 1,59 | 1,54 | 0,74 | 0,73 | -1,15 | -0,97 | 3,08 |
| Holanda | | 1,47 | 0,78 | 1,03 | 1,75 | 0,29 | 0,35 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Malta | | 19,06 | 3,48 | 1,79 | 3,22 | 2,49 | 2,40 | | | | | | | | | | | |