Changes in net reserves is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
1970 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nigéria | 1.041.075.804 | 3.089.271.863 | 11.335.787.996 | -9.692.912.667 | 305.848.565 | 11.097.745.203 | -980.099.587 | -8.452.487.761 | -5.853.533.823 | -980.917.731 | 12.241.890.189 | 3.286.180.061 | -4.490.238.393 | -5.047.487.523 | 3.608.654.133 | -3.381.557.620 | -2.754.917.394 | 8.335.870.672 | |
África do Sul | -464.029.840 | 10.669.320 | 479.564.168 | 5.765.837.011 | 3.795.989.103 | 4.708.764.729 | 1.197.810.183 | 499.083.154 | 1.359.887.142 | -1.139.187.034 | 2.900.277.509 | 1.905.127.151 | 801.436.808 | 1.612.606.179 | -7.653.191.594 | 4.614.378.026 | 4.251.007.320 | -213.704.732 | 2.125.231.291 |
Angola | -1.208.893.872 | 317.847.278 | 1.437.689.164 | 5.558.086.304 | 8.448.917.670 | 3.981.174.408 | 33.091.311 | -3.430.095.248 | -2.693.890.750 | 526.109.717 | -4.873.535.655 | -1.515.475.184 | 472.055.569 | -4.428.395.981 | -1.934.334.746 | 875.874.224 | 828.429.116 | 910.853.540 | |
Namíbia | 36.794.818 | -211.825.769 | -401.191.954 | -522.131.526 | 324.983.600 | 2.506.034 | 63.020.746 | -152.815.317 | 699.058.103 | 142.360.011 | 375.365.161 | 58.602.053 | -215.860.529 | 29.667.182 | 428.790.175 | 24.390.364 | 235.595.386 | 628.816.930 | |
Lesoto | 12.965.834 | 17.792.891 | 43.654.432 | -209.371.431 | 65.708.621 | 109.281.442 | 211.574.192 | 124.501.923 | 113.321.103 | -160.285.461 | -195.648.660 | 78.733.256 | 71.622.435 | 77.959.704 | 82.492.767 | -96.798.723 | 16.688.946 | 258.577.560 | |
Moçambique | -121.082.564 | 201.062.153 | 243.690.818 | 377.426.571 | 396.067.232 | -107.340.768 | -749.153.717 | -503.325.234 | 1.092.603.524 | -531.460.229 | 395.820.693 | -358.240.007 | -786.253.777 | -715.919.188 | 675.135.662 | 101.694.307 | |||
Cabo Verde | -6.974.754 | -28.877.897 | 64.930.356 | 28.308.213 | -48.394.834 | 49.168.870 | 70.238.314 | 90.805.821 | 36.878.101 | 90.354.242 | -11.766.263 | 13.207.910 | 147.385.842 | -136.528.597 | -473.502 | 11.167.551 | 28.655.024 | 34.950.093 | |
Djibuti | -3.827.972 | -6.610.716 | 13.037.346 | -9.237.828 | -13.341.387 | 175.289.858 | -30.028.754 | -24.864.918 | 43.198.600 | 162.405.632 | -104.566.615 | 44.939.846 | 146.877.566 | -93.721.634 | 2.307.849 | -81.213.249 | -148.909.747 | ||
Gâmbia | 3.393.680 | -41.957.165 | -3.408.230 | 41.049.561 | 36.941.357 | 5.760.353 | -24.960.547 | -138.592.301 | -76.852.167 | -113.404.358 | -33.687.046 | 17.071.223 | -7.535.411 | 246.364.210 | -145.335.784 | -136.174.810 | -228.774.147 | ||
Algéria | -10.402.131 | 16.903.729.032 | 15.207.253.412 | 20.193.892.433 | 12.039.998.089 | 107.288.203 | -5.868.026.717 | -27.347.179.851 | -26.271.624.596 | -21.754.881.842 | -15.841.502.837 | -16.983.944.439 | -16.503.641.825 | -1.515.484.361 | 18.994.513.543 | 6.335.285.329 | |||
Egito | -10.224.081.777 | -2.030.227.240 | 5.226.328.140 | -218.155.339 | -19.735.637.149 | -5.792.397.806 | 903.306.006 | -3.208.763.814 | -673.808.463 | 4.686.315.122 | 8.810.734.334 | 3.236.904.717 | -2.034.982.946 | -14.060.319.362 | -897.777.821 | -9.239.281.407 | 2.406.415.294 | ||
Líbia | 1.157.802.360 | 5.356.985.451 | 13.839.698.415 | 4.169.899.153 | 3.368.548.332 | 13.408.540.192 | -6.937.473.438 | -21.578.320.477 | -11.851.156.781 | -6.846.114.264 | 2.541.815.204 | 7.215.784.157 | -484.938.586 | -8.013.257.366 | -1.197.529.621 | 7.123.420.314 | 245.337.492 | ||
Marrocos | 1.697.479.488 | -1.166.431.313 | 448.742.772 | -3.012.376.371 | -6.412.593.527 | -8.368.178.955 | -5.258.335.161 | 4.035.175.222 | 4.306.640.260 | 2.769.557.377 | -768.959.401 | -1.038.144.704 | 1.937.740.953 | 4.379.702.711 | 2.437.495.395 | -180.888.175 | 1.921.295.273 | ||
Tunísia | 332.535.562 | -204.994.988 | 936.027.193 | -169.791.601 | -1.677.713.221 | 1.366.072.812 | -847.635.831 | -131.721.903 | 82.383.914 | -830.875.120 | -25.565.354 | 247.210.313 | 1.960.402.133 | 831.470.262 | 172.760.955 | -39.854.237 | 1.511.546.081 | ||
Benin | -99.557.270 | -20.321.992 | -51.634.026 | -294.432.497 | -531.817.791 | -394.844.096 | -52.731.019 | 106.114.616 | 79.565.511 | -564.894.688 | 444.307.544 | 234.779.045 | 26.745.825 | 11.171.179 | -671.279 | -585.601.076 | -1.218.710.060 | ||
Botsuana | 307.245.028 | 367.411.844 | 2.021.325.403 | -987.625.916 | 114.494.360 | -878.178.092 | -270.527.133 | 641.226.260 | -419.530.390 | -318.365.065 | -450.794.549 | -410.503.522 | -1.119.341.471 | -1.753.103.647 | -261.275.525 | 364.569.540 | 124.465.721 | ||
Burquina Faso | -465.725.606 | -734.160.216 | -102.359.565 | -18.564.909 | -424.577.454 | -282.931.020 | 13.636.237 | -27.052.303 | 508.244.319 | 54.434.010 | 162.614.075 | -258.505.541 | 132.456.003 | -1.618.678.550 | 498.773.634 | ||||
Burundi | -3.226.484 | -144.821.098 | -292.745.233 | -9.319.973 | -35.206.689 | 27.575.443 | 14.699.039 | 160.365 | -163.162.757 | -21.097.726 | 19.878.610 | -12.438.663 | 60.313.569 | 203.741 | 113.735.389 | -88.776.353 | -129.802.240 | ||
Cameroun | -870.558.826 | -265.736.574 | -396.859.294 | 7.049.321 | -326.152.369 | 118.703.003 | -70.693.306 | 130.472.734 | 738.006.926 | -1.224.950.809 | 407.624.203 | 287.137.473 | 245.211.196 | -544.865.251 | 486.610.331 | 855.198.265 | -594.807.754 | ||
República Centro Africana | -21.088.160 | ||||||||||||||||||
Chade | -22.872.521 | ||||||||||||||||||
Comores | -4.837.731 | -5.845.986 | -89.993.519 | -5.076.415 | 30.706.312 | 2.030.984 | -5.658.786 | -35.053.730 | 12.111.997 | -2.684.648 | -7.322.457 | 37.200.353 | 53.622.215 | -29.172.773 | -7.664.876 | ||||
Congo | -363.853.983 | -243.416.834 | 510.693.884 | 922.728.160 | 1.440.450.015 | -190.221.307 | -508.930.047 | 379.928.833 | -2.229.303.980 | -1.647.957.301 | 513.893.928 | -19.425.980 | -231.599.678 | ||||||
Costa do Marfim | -315.238.586 | 1.428.775.914 | 616.036.860 | -626.343.016 | -16.592.843 | 648.731.474 | 586.428.030 | -459.730.114 | 485.779.052 | 247.368.888 | 1.075.250.162 | 199.662.606 | 2.014.277.587 | -945.666.146 | |||||
República Democrática do Congo | -42.917.866 | -10.649.807.910 | -165.319.260 | 347.442.420 | 38.111.096 | -75.033.083 | -285.113.431 | -516.122.981 | 59.108.326 | 150.252.575 | 316.839.915 | -607.399.995 | 2.323.010.112 | 1.482.907.442 | 293.415.319 | ||||
Guiné-Equatorial | -5.702.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
Eritréia | -64.331.604 | ||||||||||||||||||
Etiópia | -198.273.437 | -189.510.460 | -322.863.686 | -986.809.040 | -708.893.899 | 330.041.073 | -145.930.741 | -1.263.901.822 | -457.750.978 | 491.145.427 | -370.892.497 | -974.766.319 | 520.417.261 | -1.289.930.883 | 864.752.036 | 333.158.403 | -793.912.667 | ||
Gabão | -268.562.909 | 280.486.620 | 225.887.202 | -123.271.734 | 505.510.662 | 151.475.301 | 533.829.107 | -194.695.791 | -377.877.769 | ||||||||||
Gana | 27.605.237 | -144.760.532 | 124.628.046 | 560.644.447 | 450.747.124 | -478.410.869 | -723.282.852 | -114.431.768 | -82.424.063 | 261.111.804 | 996.018.787 | -815.190.671 | 1.251.102.772 | -540.075.190 | 1.466.889.095 | -3.346.337.542 | 1.784.881.013 | ||
Guiné | -96.730.616 | -62.941.471 | 71.160.649 | 65.400.444 | 625.786.614 | -734.314.079 | -254.869.127 | 5.178.123 | -290.346.684 | 162.482.239 | 57.096.241 | 397.756.625 | 117.329.393 | -40.429.441 | 332.709.304 | 86.589.893 | -641.835.390 | ||
Guiné-Bissau | -31.691.034 | -22.829.027 | -946.163.615 | 65.430.425 | -57.830.641 | 14.495.092 | 127.954.255 | 71.049.777 | -11.883.103 | 51.944.649 | 33.671.150 | 34.920.649 | -48.228.509 | 41.741.804 | -92.937.617 | -14.775.037 | |||
Quênia | -92.537.543 | -7.210.340 | 117.199.418 | 141.599.623 | -1.211.691.650 | 1.215.859.744 | 393.727.147 | 1.377.946.798 | -272.558.579 | 100.119.409 | -116.625.211 | 974.415.554 | 1.091.295.895 | -1.425.418.018 | -192.689.053 | -2.109.912.028 | -955.917.482 | ||
Libéria | -185.688.298 | 888.737.611 | 33.951.877 | -33.769.529 | -27.344.542 | -30.117.477 | 21.026.891 | -18.579.449 | -84.538.852 | -41.229.760 | -39.584.922 | 23.085.275 | 374.860.573 | -34.445.605 | |||||
Madagascar | -277.590.935 | -159.963.149 | -55.607.871 | 47.059.291 | 118.135.757 | -87.741.328 | -265.635.772 | 4.127.156 | 40.999.622 | 295.651.644 | 240.192.756 | 133.775.210 | -119.065.503 | -153.557.557 | 304.962.527 | -115.185.010 | |||
Malaui | 28.660.992 | 91.385.762 | 41.318.388 | 114.217.780 | -107.976.969 | -10.201.086 | 177.147.215 | 180.730.481 | 101.194.571 | -113.942.695 | 145.749.803 | -1.630.022 | 58.376.346 | -426.361.604 | -129.716.332 | -369.738.874 | 72.353.023 | ||
Mali | -65.020.735 | 62.708.206 | 15.516.773 | -177.146.924 | 4.598.108 | -80.598.963 | -212.920.481 | -485.938.681 | -160.782.402 | -538.401.413 | 379.448.277 | 155.389.639 | 235.494.040 | 156.924.186 | 483.587.791 | -928.731.406 | -484.024.154 | ||
Mauritânia | -72.456.474 | 210.315.131 | -62.721.459 | -385.770.025 | 78.205.615 | -146.547.886 | 80.760.986 | 43.119.398 | 187.307.119 | 153.635.767 | 1.351.992.813 | -150.010.260 | 118.705.799 | ||||||
Maurício | 231.945.124 | 230.591.689 | -164.953.501 | 209.045.862 | 195.125.099 | 191.544.199 | 541.006.404 | 755.847.221 | 567.347.570 | 739.570.472 | 832.284.285 | 496.578.681 | 939.353.627 | -536.694.688 | 1.293.562.181 | -316.954.431 | -674.892.699 | ||
Níger | -90.343.654 | 35.236.203 | 32.848.383 | 105.954.461 | -66.302.648 | 310.378.767 | 97.710.798 | 234.544.699 | -164.223.903 | 100.926.980 | -59.559.958 | -212.106.971 | 479.080.523 | -123.861.306 | 266.628.280 | -327.738.037 | -426.451.896 | ||
Ruanda | 72.094.715 | 234.581.693 | -212.430.889 | 228.498.773 | -90.424.191 | -28.534.864 | -22.265.249 | 85.057.901 | 70.740.163 | 112.259.762 | 136.118.769 | 197.232.375 | -97.003.258 | -87.653.392 | |||||
São Tomé e Príncipe | -9.407.229 | -5.487.483 | 30.514.535 | 13.297.894 | -5.275.275 | -10.741.785 | 5.530.942 | -1.955.390 | 4.155.263 | -21.191.865 | -14.865.485 | -20.265.333 | -6.477.556 | -4.232.242 | -6.411.772 | -20.207.242 | |||
Senegal | -137.476.589 | -231.534.457 | -361.750.796 | -529.814.441 | -47.441.945 | 99.873.439 | 88.150.053 | 64.713.366 | 209.235.666 | -353.695.224 | 177.910.863 | 691.083.723 | 574.692.632 | -499.613.918 | 1.116.271.926 | -418.143.869 | 258.317.347 | ||
Seicheles | 4.255.151 | 26.219.496 | -29.373.307 | 302.312.103 | 22.419.508 | 21.672.724 | 94.694.213 | 41.191.565 | 70.554.256 | 7.506.145 | 16.064.204 | 9.461.127 | 30.329.245 | -51.517.949 | 81.642.936 | -66.461.001 | 13.177.534 | ||
Serra Leoa | -20.908.146 | 9.755.229 | -129.538.686 | -319.231.370 | -141.868.057 | -134.282.181 | -69.041.777 | -963.439.861 | -637.325.254 | -73.679.085 | -46.772.544 | -14.188.407 | 27.867.466 | 28.403.198 | 161.579.495 | -195.818.598 | -250.068.495 | ||
Sudão | -521.306.552 | -179.850.946 | -165.080.667 | 56.248.355 | -28.915.732 | -2.015.074.371 | -1.970.992.062 | 3.812.726.989 | -25.276.874 | -157.007.635 | |||||||||
Sudão | -357.259.450 | 93.774.143 | 542.434.081 | -1.701.901.200 | -1.838.105.632 | -1.790.289.752 | -2.156.699.882 | -352.025.559 | -309.553.621 | -856.169.158 | -1.460.195.261 | -1.920.775.631 | -1.780.197.328 | -1.979.196.308 | -757.367.063 | -2.741.000.907 | |||
Eswatini | 11.059.863 | 46.254.883 | 1.103.001 | -230.861.246 | -220.134.374 | 151.799.506 | 195.387.652 | -23.710.633 | -23.723.324 | -25.300.713 | -55.094.475 | -59.924.580 | -13.316.860 | -18.051.492 | 14.566.536 | -54.246.751 | 44.677.171 | ||
República Unida da Tanzânia | -125.954.193 | -1.330.409 | -594.712.519 | 348.918.996 | -160.093.770 | 295.125.200 | 522.946.607 | -243.787.723 | -231.191.654 | 338.768.029 | 1.647.183.576 | -772.739.354 | 587.400.879 | -781.248.653 | 1.316.838.877 | -1.137.444.530 | -293.219.502 | ||
Togo | -43.932.376 | 36.877.438 | -110.286.638 | 13.949.734 | 71.344.015 | -337.170.551 | 49.417.166 | 73.381.656 | 131.858.236 | -723.045 | 98.825.036 | -232.572.163 | 554.814.966 | 74.887.849 | |||||
Uganda | -41.918.557 | -464.318.171 | 160.864.146 | -42.009.359 | -81.567.584 | 534.065.973 | 229.683.562 | 80.894.662 | -387.142.140 | 318.503.019 | 484.706.330 | -288.564.040 | -18.070.135 | 226.645.365 | 476.748.442 | -817.070.932 | -293.830.114 | ||
Zâmbia | 221.811.827 | -19.328.428 | -2.086.155.653 | -66.407.163 | 106.201.359 | 165.783.528 | -262.591.248 | 300.965.773 | -446.191.473 | -249.818.523 | 10.546.900 | -388.854.808 | -99.322.846 | -442.335.846 | 1.484.742.262 | -1.412.492.727 | -2.047.823.005 | ||
Zimbabue | 85.744.940 | -279.806.562 | -848.544.403 | -307.176.496 | -183.015.659 | -124.504.970 | -50.992.890 | 58.353.565 | -568.318.377 | -90.915.401 | -35.912.902 | -87.692.585 | 679.132.585 | -334.464.312 | -730.367.130 |